Vivian Gornick employs the narrative technique of multiple perspectives to create a richly layered portrait of her characters. By shifting between the perspectives of herself, her mother, and other figures like Nettie and her friends, Gornick allows readers to understand each character's inner thoughts and motivations. This technique reveals the complexities of their relationships and the dynamics at play. Gornick's self-reflection provides insight into her own development, while her mother's perspective offers a contrasting view of their relationship and the world. The other characters' viewpoints further enrich the narrative, offering diverse perspectives on the same events, thereby creating a multifaceted and nuanced portrayal of each individual. This approach allows readers to see the characters not just as they are, but as they perceive themselves and others, contributing to a more complete understanding of their personalities and the story as a whole.