The book presents ethical arguments emphasizing hospitality and unconditional welcome to migrants, contrasting with the state's conditional laws and societal divisions. Jacques Derrida's argument for unlimited hospitality underscores the moral imperative to accept the other, but it's criticized for its limitations in addressing long-term presence and the identity of the other. Laurent Gaudé's poetry exemplifies this hospitality, but it's argued to lack a critical analysis of the systemic causes of migration.
On the political side, the book advocates for a communist approach, focusing on the proletariat and transnational organization. It identifies the nomadic proletarian as a result of capitalist globalization, where labor is a global commodity. The book contrasts this with the capitalist system's approach to globalization, which Marx described as a relentless pursuit of markets and profits, leading to the displacement of workers and the creation of a global proletariat. The solution proposed is a new communist politics that would organize with the nomadic proletariat to dismantle the oligarchic world order and create a unified world.