The book integrates material and process characterization, along with case studies, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the field. Each chapter focuses on a specific aspect, such as additive manufacturing, composite materials, or nanomaterials, and explores their characterization using modern techniques. The authors delve into the properties of materials, the processes involved in their creation, and how these factors influence the final product. Case studies are included to illustrate real-world applications and challenges, demonstrating the practical implications of the discussed concepts. This combination of theoretical knowledge and practical examples offers readers a well-rounded perspective on the field, enabling them to grasp the complexities and potential of various materials and manufacturing processes.